Essential Questions
What are the four
conjugations of Latin verbs? How do we recognize what to what conjugation (group,
family) a verb belongs? How do we find the verb stem using the infinitive (the
-are, ēre, ĕre and ire forms of a verb)? The infinitve form is
translated “to verb.” In previous chapters you have seen examples of
verbs from all conjugations and learned that in the present tense the personal
endings are:
-o (I) -mus
(we)
-s (you singular) -tis
(you plural)
-t (he, she it) -nt
In this chapter you will learn how to determine the conjugation to which a verb belongs. Why is this important? Because verbs in the same conjugation follow the same rules.
Bellwork (8-10 minutes)
Words of the day - words about VERBS
inflect (verb) early 15c.,
"to bend inward," from Latin inflectere "to
bend in, bow, curve," figuratively, "to change, alter, influence,"
from in- "in" + flectere "to
bend" (see flexible).
Grammatical sense "to vary by change of form" (especially at the end
of a word).
conjugate (verb): 1520s, in the grammatical sense,
"inflect (a verb) through all its various forms," from Latin coniugare "to
yoke together," from com "with, together”
iugare "to join," from iugum "yoke"
" This use has its origin in the fact that in inflected languages, a verb is conjugated by conjoining certain ENDINGS with
the root" [Century Dictionary].
conjugation (noun): "The inflection of a verb in all
its different forms; a class of verbs
similarly conjugated," from Latin coniugatio noun,
literally "a combining, connecting."
Latin verb: coniugare "to join together,"
Meaning "act of uniting or combining" is from c. 1600.
We don't use the word "conjugate" much today unless we are talking about languages and verbs. But here is a related word we do use:
conjugal (adj) "pertaining
to marriage, nuptial," also "pertaining to the relationship of
husband and wife;” related to coniugare "to join
together," from assimilated form of com "with,
together" + iugare "to join," from iugum "yoke."
con (from the Latin cum) + iugum (yoke): yoked with, yoked together
Listen to the audio for vocabulary Chapter 10. What vocabulary words can you find in the picture. What vocabulary suggest what is happening in the story? (8 minutes)
Pre-reading Questions: (8 minutes)
a. What is happening in the picture?
b. Who is standing in the doorway, and when did we see him last?
c. Would you approve of the way the slave is putting the chest into the carriage? Why or why not?
d. The "In This Chapter" box mentions conjugations of verbs. What do you think the word conjugation means?
e. How have we divided verbs into groups so far in the course?
Notes: The Basics of conjugating (10 minutes)
Practice Vocabulary with Quizlet flash cards or matching game (adjust to time available)
Quizlet Vocabulary Flashcards for Chapter 10
Exit ticket (10 minutes):
Use these words from the story to complete the chart (handout). Use the model on page 73 if needed. incito, incitare - to spur on, urge on
iubeo, iubere (long -e-) to command, order
gero, gerere (short e) to wear
iacio, iacere (3rd conjugation -io) to throw
Chart example
Homework: study vocabulary for quiz tomorrow and review conjugation notes from today.
As time allows or for tomorrow:
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